1. What is Coenzyme Q10 — Ubiquinol/Ubiquinone? Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring, fat-soluble coenzyme found in virtually every cell of the human body, primarily located in the mitochondria — the powerhouse of the cell. It plays a critical role in the synthesis of ATP, the “energy currency” that

1. Introduction and Benefits of Milk Thistle Milk thistle, also known as Silybum marianum, is a plant rich in biologically active compounds, the most important being a group of flavonolignans collectively known as silymarin. This group includes four main isomers: silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, and silydianin — with silybin being the

1. What is Lecithin? Phospholipids are essential components of biological and cellular membranes in nature. They play a vital role in numerous physiological processes such as cellular transport and metabolism. Their importance is particularly evident in the brain and nervous system, circulatory system, and immune system. Lecithin is an essential

1. What Are Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Omega-3? Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are long-chain fatty acids characterized by having two or more double bonds in their carbon chains. Like all fatty acids, they consist of a carboxyl group at one end and a methyl group at the other. The presence

1. Introduction to Cranberry Seed Oil Cranberries are natural fruits native to North America, known for their vibrant red color and tangy-sweet taste when ripe. They are rich in a unique class of polyphenols called proanthocyanidins (PACs), which are renowned for their potent antioxidant properties, especially in supporting urinary tract

1. What Is Lutein? Lutein and zeaxanthin are the two primary carotenoids found in the human eye, particularly concentrated in the macula and retina. They play a crucial role in maintaining vision and overall eye health. A deficiency in lutein may lead to macular degeneration, blurred vision, and an increased

1. Origins (The “Energy Code” Hidden in a Cow’s Heart) In 1957, in a laboratory in Wisconsin, USA, biochemist Frederick Crane was deeply immersed in studying the reduction process of glutathione. After countless experiments and exploration, he finally isolated a golden, fat-soluble substance from bovine heart tissue — for the

1. Origins (A Gift of Life Amidst the Thorns) Legend has it that a drop of the Virgin Mary’s milk fell to the earth and left white streaks on a plant, creating an eternal mark. Thus, this plant was bestowed with the beautiful name “Milk Thistle,” a name passed down

1. Origins (The Mysterious Birth of the “Golden Rhizome”) In the humid, tropical jungles of the Indian subcontinent grows a cluster of orange-yellow rhizomes shaped like dragon claws — turmeric. Nearly 2,500 years ago, the sages of ancient Ayurvedic medicine had already grasped its remarkable powers. According to legend, a

Tablets are solid dosage forms made by uniformly mixing medicinal substances with excipients and then compressing them into round or specially shaped pieces. They can be categorized into various types, including conventional tablets, coated tablets, sustained-release tablets, controlled-release tablets, chewable tablets, and effervescent tablets. Tablets offer several advantages: good chemical

Dietary supplements are among the most common therapies in Integrative Medicine and Health (IMH) and Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). In the pursuit of well-being, they have become a daily choice for many modern individuals. Not only are they convenient and easy to use, but they are also believed to

1. What Are Liquid-Filled Hard Capsules? In pharmaceutical formulations, certain drugs, such as poorly soluble drugs, low-melting-point substances, highly potent compounds, and moisture- or heat-sensitive medications, often present significant challenges in traditional oral solid dosage forms like tablets and standard hard capsules. These challenges include complex manufacturing processes and unstable